Topic outline
- General
- Introduction to central nervous system
Introduction to central nervous system
- Learning objectives:
- To outline the parts of central nervous system
- To learn the alternative names of each part
- To enumerate the cavity of each of these parts
- Take this assessment before proceeding futher
According to new pattern
- Spinal Cord
Spinal Cord
Competencies addressed
- AN 57.1: Identify external features of spinal cord
- AN 57.2: Describe extent of spinal cord in child & adult with its clinical implication
- AN 57.3: Draw & label transverse section of spinal cord at mid-cervical & midthoracic level
- AN 57.4: Enumerate ascending & descending tracts at mid thoracic level of spinal cord
Learning objectives
- To describe the extension, coverings and enlargements of spinal cord
- To define spinal segment and to elucidate its importance
- To list the modifications of piamater
- To describe level at which lumbar puncture is done and its importance
Learning objectives
- To appreciate and draw a diagram of cross section of spinal cord representing salient features
- To trace ascending pathways - dorsal columns, lateral spinothalamic tract, anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tracts
- To trace descending pathways - particularly lateral corticospinal tract
- To appreciate the anatomical basis of clinical manifestations of spinal cord syndromes
Learning objectives
- To enumerate the arterial supply and venous drainage of spinal artery
- To appreciate the contribution of segmental medullary feeder arteries
- Brain stem and cerebellum
Brain stem and cerebellum
Competencies addressedMedulla oblongata
- AN 58.1: Identify external features of medulla oblongata
- AN 58.2: Describe transverse section of medulla oblongata at the level of 1) pyramidal decussation, 2) sensory decussation 3) ION
- AN 58.3: Enumerate cranial nerve nuclei in medulla oblongata with their functional group
- AN 58.4: Describe anatomical basis & effects of medial & lateral medullary syndrome
Pons
- 59.1: Identify external features of pons
- 59.2: Draw & label transverse section of pons at the upper and lower level Midbrain
- 59.3: Enumerate cranial nerve nuclei in pons with their functional group
Midbrain
- 61.1: Identify external & internal features of midbrain
- 61.2: Describe internal features of midbrain at the level of superior & inferior colliculus
- 61.3: Describe anatomical basis & effects of Benedikt’s and Weber’s syndrome
Cerebellum
- 60.1: Describe & demonstrate external & internal features of cerebellum
- 60.2: Describe connections of cerebellar cortex and intracerebellar nuclei
- 60.3: Describe anatomical basis of cerebellar dysfunction
Cranial nerves
- AN62.1: Enumerate cranial nerve nuclei with its functional component
Learning objectives
- To identify the parts of brainstem and enumerate the cranial nerves related to each part
- To describe the external features of medulla, pons and midbrain
Learning objectives
- To appreciate the crossing of motor fibres and dorsal columns at the medulla
- To list the functions of the medulla
- To draw the section of medulla at motor decussation, sensory decussation and inferior olivary nucleus
- To understand the anatomical basis of clinical manifestations of medial and lateral medullary syndrome
Learning objectives
- To appreciate the internal neural components of pons, especially facial nucleus, abducent nucleus, nuclei of trigeminal nerve
- To appreciate the position of facial colliculus and reasons for it
- To draw section of pons at facial colliculus and at main sensory nucleus of trigeminal nucleus
- To list the functions of the pons and clinical manifestations of pontine lesions
Learning objectives
- To appreciate the internal neural components of midbrain, especially tectal and tegmental areas, red nucleus and colliculi
- To list the peculiar features of trochlear nerve
- To appreciate the light reflex and near reflex circuits
- To draw section of midbrain at inferior colliculus and superior colliculus
- To list the functions of the midbrain and clinical manifestations of midbrain lesions
- Learning objectives
- To trace the boundaries of the interpeduncular fossa
- To list the structures related at this region
- Learning objectives
- To trace the connections and functions of medial longitudinal fasciculus
- To name and trace the pathways responsible for horizontal and vertical gaze
Learning objectives
- Enumerate the salient anatomical features of cerebellum
- Define three morphological and functional division of cerebellum
- List the afferent and efferent connections of cerebellum
- Name the cerebellar peduncles and list important fibres passing through them
- Name the arteries supplying the cerebrum
- List the cells of cerebrum and trace the mossy and climbing fibres
- List important manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction
Learning objectives
- To name the brain stem syndromes and list clinical manifestations
- Cerebrum
Cerebrum
Competencies
- AN 62.2: Describe & demonstrate surfaces, sulci, gyri, poles, & functional areas of
cerebral hemisphere
- AN 62.3: Describe the white matter of cerebrum
- AN 62.4: Enumerate parts & major connections of basal ganglia & limbic lobe
- AN 62.5: Describe boundaries, parts, gross relations, major nuclei and connections of dorsal thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, metathalamus and subthalamus
- AN 62.6: Describe & identify formation, branches & major areas of distribution of circle of Willis
Learning objectives
- To define sulci and gyri
- To name the sulci and gyri
- To enumerate the functional areas associated with the gyri
Learning objectives
- To describe the anterior and posterior cerebral circulation
- To trace the anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries, identify their usual areas of supply, name their branches
- To understand the clinical manifestations of lesions in the main trunks of anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries
Learning objectives
- To describe the formation of the circulus arteriosus
- To List the branches and areas supplied by circulus arteriosus
- To appreciate its variations and functional significance
- To name few disease conditions associated with this
Learning objectives
- To define and list the components of basal ganglia
- To trace the major connections of basal ganglia
- To appreciate the role of basal ganglia in health and disease
Learning objectives
- To classify the white matter of the brain
- To describe various types of commissural fibres, association fibres and projection fibres
- To name the parts of corpus callosum
- To name two conditions of the specifically affecting white matter of the brain
Learning objectives
- To describe the parts, fibre components, arterial supply of internal capsule
- To appreciate the clinical manifestations of the lesions of the internal capsule
Learning objectives
- To describe the location, salient features, relations of thalamus
- To describe the parts of the thalamus
- To trace the afferents and efferents of thalamic connections
- To list the functions of the thalamus
- To list the clinical manifestations of thalamic disorders
- AN 62.2: Describe & demonstrate surfaces, sulci, gyri, poles, & functional areas of
cerebral hemisphere
- Ventricles of brain
Ventricles of brain
Competencies addressed
- AN63.1: Describe & demonstrate parts, boundaries & features of IIIrd, IVth & lateral ventricle
- AN63.2: Describe anatomical basis of congenital hydrocephalus
- Learning objectives
- To describe the location, communication, salient features of fourth ventricle
- To draw the diagram of floor of fourth ventricle (rhomboid fossa)
- To understand the role of fourth ventricle in health and disease
Learning objectives
- To describe the location, communication, salient features of third ventricle
- To draw the diagram of third ventricle
- To understand the role of third ventricle in health and disease
Learning objectives
- To define and list the circumventricular organs
Learning objectives
- To describe the salient features of lateral ventricle and to mention its parts
- To describe the boundaries of body, anterior horn, lateral horn and posterior horn of lateral ventricle
- To describe the location of the interventricular foramen
- To list the clinical relevance of the lateral ventricle
- Special sensations
Special sensations
- Learning objectives
- To trace the visual pathway from retina to the cortex
- To trace the light and accommodation reflex
- To appreciate the role of each component of visual pathway
- To enumerate the visual field defects in case of lesions
- Learning Objectives
- To trace the smell pathway from nasal epithelium to the olfactory cortex
- Learning objectives
- To trace the taste pathway from taste buds to the gustatory cortex
- Learning objectives
- To trace the visual pathway from retina to the cortex
- To trace the light and accommodation reflex
- To appreciate the role of each component of visual pathway
- To enumerate the visual field defects in case of lesions
- Duration: 90 minutes
Total questions: 100
Number of attempts allowed: One